INTEGRATION OF AN IT-RISK MANAGEMENT/RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK WITH OPERATIONAL PROCESSES

This paper discusses the background and results of a research project which was conducted by ENISA (European Network and Information Security Agency) in cooperation with the BOC Information Technologies Consulting GmbH. The project was initiated with respect to the main task of ENISA: ensuring a high and effective level of network and information security within organisations in the European Union. As an important step towards this goal the research project aimed at increasing the level of integration between an enterprise-level IT Risk Management/Risk Assessment on the one hand, and selected operational business processes, on the other hand. The proposed integration is mainly established on the level of document flows between processes and activities respectively. In particular, operational processes which are closely related to IT were selected for integration. The introduced approach promises a better overall quality of IT Risk Management in an enterprise in general, as well as an improved management of risks in operational processes

Consumerization of IT: Risk Mitigation Strategies and Good Practices. Responding to the Emerging Threat Environment.

This report presents security policies that can be deployed to mitigate risks that are related with the trend of Consumerization of IT (COIT) and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). The aim of this document is to identify mitigation strategies, policies and controls for the risks identified in this area

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Les tiers-lieux en France : quelle place pour les zones hors métropole ?

L’article vise à expliquer la concentration relative des tiers-lieux par zone d’emploi (ZE) sur le territoire français. La recherche internationale s’est focalisée sur les métropoles alors que la cartographie montre que les tiers-lieux y pèsent relativement moins qu’ailleurs. On formule l’hypothèse que les tiers-lieux sont proportionnellement plus nombreux dans les ZE en difficulté économique et/ou enclavées où ils répondent aux besoins spécifiques de nouveaux travailleurs indépendants. Nous réalisons une analyse typologique afin de mettre en évidence dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques territoriales expliquent la localisation des tiers-lieux. Nous montrons que les tiers-lieux ne sont pas exclusivement un phénomène métropolitain et mettons en évidence l’existence de plusieurs France, qu’on interprète à partir d’héritages historiques de longue durée dans une perspective théorique évolutionniste.The article aims to explain the relative concentration of third places by travel-to-work area (TTWA) in France. The literature focuses on metropolises, whereas our mapping shows that third places weigh relatively less in large metro areas than elsewhere, challenging the dominant discourse. We hypothesize that third places are proportionally more numerous in economically depressed and/or landlocked TTWAs where they meet the specific needs of new self-employed workers. We carry out a typological analysis in order to highlight the extent to which spatial features explain the location of third places. We demonstrate that third places are not exclusively a metropolitan phenomenon and stress strong variations within France, which are interpreted from long-term historical legacies in an evolutionary theoretical perspective

Cyber-bullying and online grooming: Helping to protect against the risks

Children are the most valuable part of every society, regardless of culture, religion and national origin. Given the rapidly increasing digitalisation of their lives, it seemed important to assess risks related to internet usage and, in particular, the risk of become a victim of online grooming and cyber bullying activities. Today’s kids are living in an environment that is radically different from that of their parents; virtual environments are increasingly prevalent in private and education environments. This development is detrimental to their physical activities, social skills and the behavioural model that prevailed in previous generations. ENISA has formed a Working Group consisting of international experts in various disciplines related to the area of children’s online protection. Interdisciplinary knowledge and relevant experience in the area were the criteria of their engagement. During the selection phase of the scenario to be assessed, the expert group has identified cyber bullying and online grooming as an area that requires further elaboration. With this assessment we aim to demonstrate how attacks based on misuse of data (i.e. data mining and profiling) can affect minors. Although the issue of children’s exposure to internet risks has been addressed in great depth by many organisations (also during the generation of this report), we have performed this risk assessment in order to point out emerging risks and issue non-technical recommendations for their mitigation. Thus, we believe that the findings of this assessment will help in triggering further activities at various levels of society, while contributing to the necessary awareness of the online protection of minors

Tissue kallikrein deficiency, insulin resistance, and diabetes in mouse and man.

International audienceThe kallikrein-kinin system has been suggested to participate in the control of glucose metabolism. Its role and the role of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme, a major kinin-inactivating enzyme, are however the subject of debate. We have evaluated the consequence of deficiency in tissue kallikrein (TK), the main kinin-forming enzyme, on the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in mice and man. Mice with inactivation of the TK gene were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months, or crossed with obese, leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice to generate double ob/ob-TK-deficient mutants. In man, a loss-of-function polymorphism of the TK gene (R53H) was studied in a large general population cohort tested for insulin resistance, the DESIR study (4843 participants, 9 year follow-up). Mice deficient in TK gained less weight on the HFD than their WT littermates. Fasting glucose level was increased and responses to glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were altered at 10 and 16 weeks on the HFD compared with standard on the diet, but TK deficiency had no influence on these parameters. Likewise, ob-TK⁻/⁻ mice had similar GTT and ITT responses to those of ob-TK⁺/⁺ mice. TK deficiency had no effect on blood pressure in either model. In humans, changes over time in BMI, fasting plasma glucose, insulinemia, and blood pressure were not influenced by the defective 53H-coding TK allele. The incidence of diabetes was not influenced by this allele. These data do not support a role for the TK-kinin system, protective or deleterious, in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes